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Gardman (Armenian: Գարդման) was one of the eight cantons of the ancient province of Utik in the Kingdom of Armenia and simultaneously, together with the canton of Tuchkatak, an Armenianprincipality.^[1] In the Early Middle Ages a feudal state of Gardman emerged on the area of Caucasian Albania.^{[citation needed]} It roughly corresponded within the modern Qazakh, Shamkir, Agstafa, Dashkasan, Goygol, Tovuz, Gadabay rayons of Azerbaijan and Tavush Region of Armenia.

History[edit]

In prehistoric times Gardman was homeland of the proto-Armenian tribe Gardman, with a doubtful Georgian connection.^[2] Contemporary Armenian authors referred to the historical area of Gardman as Northern Artsakh.^[3] During the reign of the Arshakuni kings of Armenia (66-428 A.D.), Gardman was the seat of the nakharars of Utik' (and for this, it was sometimes called 'Gardmantsvots ishkhanutyun', or the principality of Gardman).^[4] After the collapse of the Armenian royal dynasty Gardman was acquired by Caucasian Albania in 387.^[2] In the seventh century the local house of Gardman was replaced by the Mihranid family (of Persian or Parthian origin),^[5] Coaching stock. which later became the ruling dynasty in the region of Arran.

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The region was conquered by the Arabs in 855. Contemporary Armenian historians repeatedly noted the presence of two well known venues in Gardman: a fortress called Getabakk' (in the current-day Azerbaijani region of Gadabay) and a copper mine.^[3]

In 982, Gardman and Parisos, the northern district of Artsakh, became a small Armenian kingdom of Parisos, which lasted until 1017 and thereafter it became part of the Kingdom of Lori.^[2] In 1601, the princely family of Melik-Shahnazaryan established the melikdom of Gardman. The ruling family belonged to a branch of the House of Khachen, and their residence was in the village of Voskanapat (and for this reason, the statelet was sometimes referred to as the Voskanapat melikdom).^[2] The territorial rights of the meliks were confirmed after the Russian Empire took control of the region in the early nineteenth century.^[6]

References[edit]

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1. ^Hewsen, Robert H (2001). Armenia: A Historical Atlas. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. pp. 100–103, 118–121. ISBN0-226-33228-4.
2. ^ ^abcdHewsen. Armenia, pp. 119, 163
3. ^ ^abHakobyan, Tadevos Kh. (2007). Հայաստանի Պատմական Աշխարհագրություն (Historical Geography of Armenia) (in Armenian). Yerevan: Yerevan State University Press. pp. 243–244.
4. ^(in Armenian)Ulubabyan, Bagrat. «Գարդման» (Gardman). Armenian Soviet Encyclopedia. vol. ii. Yerevan: Armenian Academy of Sciences, 1977, p. 700.
5. ^Bosworth, C.E. 'ArranArchived September 13, 2008, at the Wayback Machine.' Encyclopedia Iranica.
6. ^Hakobyan. Historical Geography, p. 378.

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